Suchergebnisse

In this essay, I use American correspondences about their propaganda in Iran, along with CIA intelligence, to show that the U.S. recognized that nationalism was distinct from Communism, and that the former was viewed as the true threat to Western interests in Iran. This validates historian Ervand Abrahamian's aforementioned argument that the Cold War paradigm is insufficient for interpreting U.S. and Iranian relations in the early 1950s. American propaganda in Iran was heavily discussed within the CIA, State Department, and U.S. Embassy in Iran. The sources prominently feature Secretary of State Dean Acheson and embassy ambassador Loy Henderson. Studying propaganda not only illuminates the shortcomings of the common policy critique that the U.S. conflated Communism with nationalism when applied to America's approach to Iran, but also illuminates the role of Orientalism in the U.S. government. As a supplemental argument, I show that primary sources regarding the propaganda program reveals that government officials had a contradictory relationship with Orientalism. The U.S. clearly viewed Iran under an Orientalist framework, while simultaneously promoting propaganda that used historical knowledge of the connections between East and West to garner Iranian support, despite the fact that such knowledge subverted Orientalism.

Today, in a number of countries, including in the post-Soviet space, the reincarnation of Nazism is taking place, and historical revisionism is openly manifested, primarily in the assessment of the past World War. The decisive role of the Soviet people in the victory over fascism is being questioned, falsified, and used as a tool for various purposes. In the formation of an objective history of the Great Patriotic War, its study in a broader historical context, and the protection of historical truth, the main support is provided by archival materials. The periodical press occupies an important place in the source base of the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War. In this article, the subject of the study is front-page articles of the newspaper "Svobodnaya Zemlya", the press organ of the temporary Nazi occupation authorities in Kalmykia, which operated from mid-August 1942 to early January 1943.

International audience ; The world is currently witnessing a revitalisation of the right and of authoritarian political tendencies. Right-wing forces across the globe have been able to push misogynist, homophobic and xenophobic discourses into the mainstream of politics and media. Whilst these developments have been fuelled by the neoliberal economic programmes unrolled since the 1970s, sexism and racism have always been anchored within the structures of real existing capitalism. This suggests, then, that many of the societal issues we are encountering today are rooted in structural disadvantage and oppression pertaining not only to economics and class but also to gender, race and ethnicity. Yet, approaches in Communication Studies and Cultural Studies have often engaged in separate interrogations of media misrepresentations in relation to either class and economics, or gender and/or race. On the other hand, intersectional scholarship has long highlighted how these societal spheres are interconnected and should thus be researched simultaneously. The Herman-Chomsky Propaganda Model constitutes the leading analytical tool to theorize and investigate media bias. The following contributions will conceptualize and illustrate how the PM relates to intersectional scholarship and societal structures. This will be done on the basis of theoretical elaborations and empirical case studies as well as broader discussions of the politics within the disciplines of Communications Studies and Cultural Studies. It will be demonstrated that the PM can be used to unveil interlocking media biases and misrepresentations deriving from parallel societal discriminations including classism, sexism and racism.

This case study examines how to apply the narrative paradigm theory to propaganda texts to uncover the narrative structure that propagandists attempt to create. Discovering the narrative will help create comprehensive understanding of the propagandist's strategic goals and their ideological foundations. The narrative paradigm theory is one of several scholarly theories about narrative but differs from other theories as it was created from within the framework of the academic discipline of communication. The theory holds that for a narrative to be successful as a form of human communication, it must have coherency and fidelity. This distinguishes it from some other narrative theories as it focuses on ascertaining a narrative's effectiveness for creating shared meaning among its audience. This study applies the theory to propaganda that was delivered interpersonally through a peer-to-peer format. I found that analyzing propaganda documents could help to decipher the overarching narrative that the propagandists were attempting to create. While the research described in this case focuses on propaganda, readers can apply the narrative paradigm theory and the methods described to any form of international communications. Nations use public diplomacy and international public relations to tell their story to the world. Understanding these stories through systematic analysis can provide a deeper level of insight into their strategy and goals.

The article deals with the problematic issues of modern Ukrainian youth rights realization in the information space of Ukraine. It is found that the urgency of the tasks has been increasing since XVII century by an aggressive policy of the neighboring state information interventions. It has been revealed that since 1991 Russia has tried to involve Ukraine in the field of its own integration interests, and Ukrainian information space is being filled with "Ukrainian versions" of popular Russian newspapers and magazines, the pages of which contain pro-Russian materials. The article describes the chronology of Ukrainian information space nuclear destruction during XVII–XX centuries, which prevented Ukrainian youth from obtaining the rights to their own Ukrainian information space from XVII century and for nearly thirty years of independence of ХХІ century. It is determined that in the Ukrainian information space almost all mass media represent either separate financial and political groups or belong to foreign owners, who explicitly or through the third countries act in the propaganda paradigm of the Russian Federation. It has been found that the modern information space of independent Ukraine still remains unprotected and vulnerable to the penetration of Russian ideological rhetoric. The political establishment easily and openly uses this rhetoric for its own non-state purposes. Fundamental principles, constituent elements and stages of Ukrainian information space formation in the context of youth rights realization are investigated in the article. In general, the differentiation of current problems in the Ukrainian information space took place around the following paradigms: political, ideological, economic and humanitarian. From 2019, Ukrainian information space outlines conceptual foundations for implementing Russia's policy towards Ukraine, embodied in the concept of "Russian World", "Third Rome". It is determined that the realization of pro-Russian oligarchic interests, business corporations interests is ...

Opinion polling has become a common feature in news and public discourse in Hong Kong. This study examines how local newspapers cover popularity polls about the government and its leaders. It is hypothesized that newspapers adhering to different journalistic paradigms would cover such popularity polls differently in terms of the inclusion of methodological information, use of news sources, emphasis on negative versus positive results, treatment of polls conducted by different entities, and use of visual means of representations. A content analysis was conducted on four newspapers which represent the professionalism, populism, and propaganda paradigms, respectively. The results show that there are both similarities and differences in the poll coverage of the newspapers, with the differences mostly corresponding to the differences in journalistic paradigms. The results also point to a number of phenomena about news media in Hong Kong and poll reporting in general. (Asian J Commun/NIAS)

- The polycrisis that the European Union is experiencing calls into question the very essence of the EU itself. - Dissemination of national-populist propaganda that feeds the myth of the restoration of national sovereignty, an illusion which is unable to respond to the current challenges. - Citizens' disillusionment with the European Union, which has not met their expectations. - Unification can no longer be founded on market and economic criteria alone, rather a sense of belonging to Europe needs to be boosted to make it a point of reference for identity. - Shaping the European citizen, who must undertake a Copernican revolution in the paradigms used to interpret the contemporary world, and rethinking what a nation is.

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Rhetorical Presidency and U. S. Propaganda in the Twentieth Century -- I The Period of Propaganda and News -- 1 The Truman Administration's Legalization of Peacetime Propaganda -- 2 The Journalistic Paradigm: U. S. Domestic and International Propaganda, 1947- 1949 -- II The Period of Militarization -- 3 Creating a Militarized Propaganda Structure Through the CIA, PSB, and Campaign of Truth -- 4 Militarized Propaganda and the Campaign of Truth, 1950- 1952 -- III The Period of Institutionalization and Psychological Strategy -- 5 McCarthyism and the Rise and Fall of Congressional Involvement in Propaganda Operations -- 6 Propaganda as a Presidential Tool in the Eisenhower White House -- 7 The Rhetorical Presidency and the Eisenhower Administration, 1953- 1955 -- Conclusion: Expanding the Rhetorical Presidency -- Bibliography -- Index.

Asserts that journalistic credibility & traditional standards of verification, relevance, & fairness are being eroded as major news organizations blur the lines between news & propaganda. Some journalists have attempted to redirect coverage with a new approach called civic journalism, which covers the news from the citizen's, rather than the experts', point of view. It is concluded that civic journalism presents a long-term solution to the problems of modern journalism, while allowing news organizations to develop & maintain a loyal audience. Adapted from the source document.

This book analyzes American war propaganda, beginning with the Spanish-American War and extending through the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Using Fisher's narrative paradigm, the author identifies and critically evaluates recurring war stories, determining whether or not they truly provided good reasons to go to war

Rudolf Engelhard presents a lesson model in his article How to Deal with Party Politics at School? that dates back to the 1960s, when civic education was revived in the Federal Republic of Germany (West-Germany). In order to improve civic education at school, the former Ministers of Education of German states reached a joint decision on the new subject. This was as a reaction against the first massive scribbling of Nazi propaganda since the end of World War II. Therefore, a new subject in secondary education was introduced to serve this purpose. This subject was called Sozialkunde1 (civic education) or Gemeinschaftskunde2 (social studies).

Comics are media stories that are not specific to a particular group of readers. But in reality, comics are often regarded as mere children's reading. This raises a negative paradigm for comics, and comics are considered as reading that degrades children's morale. This article will describe the history, definition, and function of comics as storytelling media, and how the negative paradigm affects the comic industry in Indonesia. As a medium, the comic is a means to convey messages similar to television, radio, newspapers, and magazines. And similar to other media, comics can be used to convey various kinds of information, not merely intended for entertainment only. Various kinds of messages, ranging from advertorials, political propaganda, public services, even education, can all be conveyed using comic media. However, most people still believe the false paradigm that that comic is only for children. This is a misunderstanding and is not true. Since the beginning, the Indonesian comic industry has always tried to grow and counter the negative paradigm. In order to revitalize comics as one Indonesian creative industry subsector, a paradigm shift on how the society values and appreciates comics not just as child reading material needs to happen. Keyword: comic, media, story, paradigm shift, creative industry.

This study examines shifting journalisticparadigms in a transitional society. Analyzing data from surveys of journalists and journalism students in the People's Republicof China, the authors find that professional journalism has emerged as a direct competitor to the party-journalism paradigm. Although the former is manifested in journalists' positive appraisal of professional news media, the latter is embodied in praising the official party organs. The professional perspective is associated with emphasis on the disseminator role of the media and the desire for more liberal arts training in journalism, whereas the party-journalism paradigm is related to the emphasis on the interpretive and popular advocacy roles and the desire for more training in communist propaganda. The two journalistic paradigms are also reflected in differences in evaluating various innovative media outlets in the reforms. The implications of the findings for studies on the articulation of professionalism and other journalism paradigms are discussed.

This collective work aims to compare media (and in particular cultural press) in Francoist Spain and Communist Romania, placing the two opposing paradigms in a common approach with the intention of identifying shared patterns and intricate connections between them, but, at the same time, without ignoring their radical differences. This comparison is performed both explicitly, through several chapters focusing on the general methodological implications of such a comparison between Francoist Sp